ABSTRACT
Background: Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) may be an effective, safe, and affordable treatment for Covid-19 that can be used in selected patients. However, more evidence on its association when it is used in different stages of the disease with clinical outcomes is required. This observational study investigates the association between treatment with HCQ and mortality in patients with Covid-19. Method(s): The data from 6217 patients who died or were discharged from 24 Spanish hospitals were analyzed. Propensity matching scores (PMS) were used. Result(s): 5094 patients received HCQ. Death was recorded for 17.5% of those who had HCQ and 34.1% of those who did not have it. Mortality was lower for those who had HCQ, OR=0.41 (95% CI=0.34-0.48). The PMS analysis also showed that mortality was lower for those receiving HCQ, OR=0.47 (95%CI=0.36-0.62). PMS analysis for categories revealed an association between HCQ and lowered mortality for patients over 65 years of age, with a past medical history of hypertension, for those who were diagnosed during admission with sepsis related organ failure or pneumonia, and for those with lymphocytopenia, raised troponin, LDH, ferritin and D-dimer. No increase in mortality associated with HCQ was observed in any category of any of the variables investigated. Conclusion(s): HCQ could be associated with lower mortality for older patients, those with more severe disease and raised inflammatory markers. Further RCTs, observational studies, and summaries of both types of evidence on this topic are necessary to select the precise profile of patients that may benefit from HCQ.Copyright © 2023 Bentham Science Publishers.
Subject(s)
Bacteremia , Bacterial Infections , COVID-19 , Coinfection , Meningococcal Infections , Neisseria meningitidis , Bacteremia/drug therapy , Bacteremia/epidemiology , Bacterial Infections/epidemiology , Coinfection/epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks , Humans , Meningococcal Infections/complications , Meningococcal Infections/epidemiology , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
Racist rhetoric blaming the Asian, Asian American, and Pacific Islander (AAAPI) community for the COVID-19 pandemic has precipitated a surge of violence against the AAAPI community in the United States, including the Atlanta mass shooting on March 16, 2021. These incidents resurfaced the ongoing racism against AAAPIs that has largely been unaddressed despite lasting almost 2 centuries. The erasure of AAAPIs’ historical oppression, unique cultures, languages, immigration experiences, and contributions to scientific and social justice advancement in the United States has hindered AAAPI voices from being heard. School psychologists are ethically bound to promote equity and dismantle racism;it is imperative to increase visibility of AAAPIs’ experiences across training levels (P–12 and graduate programs), settings, and systems. In this unified statement, school psychology organizations have come together to reaffirm the field’s commitment to anti-racism by offering proactive strategies to effectively promote visibility and equity for AAAPI students, families, and communities. Impact Statement Although there has been a complete absence of discussion of anti-AAAPI racism and anti-racism in school psychology, the field is actively committed to dismantling systemic racism and inequalities in P–12 schools, institutions of higher education, and communities across our nation. This statements seeks to address this absence by providing (a) a much-needed starting point for school psychologists to learn about the history of discrimination, racism, and violence targeting AAAPIs in the United States that has been virtually unaddressed;(b) a critical context for the recent rise in COVID-19-related anti-AAAPI violence while shedding critical light on the deep-seated racism that has oppressed AAAPIs for centuries in America;and (c) beginning strategies that school psychology faculty members, practitioners, and students can engage in to dismantle anti-AAAPI racism across individual and systems levels. © 2021 National Association of School Psychologists.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Currently the prevalence of pneumococcal coinfection in patients with COVID-19 is unknown. In this work we present its clinical characteristics, evolution and treatment. METHODS: Retrospective data collection from August to October 2020 in two hospitals in the Murcia region. RESULTS: Eighteen patients had COVID-19 diagnosed by PCR and pneumococcal infection confirmed by antigenuria, which represented a prevalence of 2%. A total of 88% had radiological alterations upon admission (two patients had an X-ray within normality) and 29% had elevated procalcitonin. Mortality in our series was 12%. CONCLUSIONS: It could be reasonable to consider the start of antimicrobial therapy in those cases in which there is a moderate or high suspicion of bacterial coinfection, being essential the early suspension of antibiotic treatment if it is not confirmed.